Word - 135

EFFIGY \EFF-uh-jee\ noun

: an image or representation especially of a person; especially : a crude figure representing a hated person

Example sentence:
A giant effigy is set ablaze at the climax of the annual Burning Man festival in Black Rock Desert, Nevada.

Did you know?

An earlier sense of "effigy" is "a likeness of a person shaped out of stone or other materials," so it’s not surprising to learn that "effigy" derives from the Latin verb "fingere," which means "to shape." "Fingere" is the common ancestor of a number of other English nouns that name things you can shape. A "fiction" is a story you shape with your imagination. "Figments" are shaped by the imagination, too; they're something you imagine or make up. A "figure" can be a numeral, a shape, or a picture that you shape as you draw or write.

Word - 134

DISABUSE \diss-uh-BYOOZ\ verb

: to free from error, fallacy, or misconception

Example sentence:
After several months of hard work, Adam was thoroughly disabused of any notion that starting his own business would be an easy endeavor.

Did you know?

We know the verb "abuse" as a word meaning "to misuse," "to mistreat," or "to revile." But when "disabuse" first appeared in the early 17th century, there was a sense of "abuse," now obsolete, that meant "to deceive." Sir Francis Bacon used that sense, for example, when he wrote in 1605, "You are much abused if you think your virtue can withstand the King's power." The prefix "dis-" has the sense of undoing the effect of a verb, so it's not surprising that "disabuse" means "to undeceive." English speakers didn't come up with the idea of joining "dis-" to "abuse" all on their own, however. It was the French who first appended their prefix "des-" to their verb "abuser." English "disabuse" is modeled after French "desabuser."

Word - 133

CIRCUMSPECT \SER-kum-spekt\ adjective

: careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences

: prudent

Example sentence:
"Indications are that school boards, uncertain of what voters will do, have been more circumspect in drafting budgets." (The Star-Ledger [Newark, New Jersey], April 7, 2008)

Did you know?

"Circumspect," "cautious," "wary," and "chary" all imply looking before you leap, but each puts a unique spin on being careful in the face of risk or danger. "Circumspect," which descends from Latin "circum-" ("around") and "specere" ("to look"), implies the surveying of all possible consequences before acting or deciding (as in "he is circumspect in business dealings"). "Cautious" suggests fear of danger and the exercise of forethought that it prompts (as in "a cautious driver"). "Wary" emphasizes suspiciousness and alertness in sensing danger and cunning in escaping it (as in "keep a wary eye on the competition"). "Chary" implies a cautious reluctance to give, act, or speak freely (as in "she is chary of signing papers without reading them first").

Word - 132

BATTUE \bat-TOO\ noun

: the beating of woods and bushes to flush game; also

: a hunt in which this procedure is used

Example sentence:
During the battue, rabbits scampered out of the bushes where they had been hiding and toward the open field.

Did you know?

The battue is a technique practiced by hunters in order to give them a clean shot at their targets. The hunters' assistants (or sometimes the hunters themselves) rap sticks against trees and bushes in order to scare animals out of the woods and into open space. The practice appears to have originated in France, which is probably why the word "battue," which debuted in English in the early 19th century, derives from the feminine past participle of the French verb "battre," meaning "to beat." Although some hunting traditionalists decried the practice as either cruel or unsportsmanlike when it began, the battue survives today, as does the word for it.

Word - 131

PANTHEON \PAN-thee-ahn\ noun

1 : a temple dedicated to all the gods; also : the gods of a people

*2 : a group of illustrious persons

Example sentence:
With his induction into the Basketball Hall of Fame, the former player joined a pantheon of legends from the sport.

Did you know?

Some of the earliest uses of this word in the English language refer to that most famous Pantheon, the circular domed temple built in Rome more than 19 centuries ago (and still standing). We can easily identify the origins of the temple's name, which the Romans borrowed from the Greek word for a temple honoring all their gods. That Greek word, "pantheion," combines "pan-" ("all") and "theos" ("god"). Later on, in English, "all the gods" was used to mean just that -- a pantheon could be a collective of gods (as "the Egyptian pantheon"). We stop short of worshiping outstanding men and women as actual gods, of course, but nevertheless, in the 19th century we also began using "pantheon" as a word for any eminent company of the highly venerated.